If ingested, induce vomiting immediately if not contraindicated by physical condition. Citronella will also keep them away, but you cant use this on your skin. But for a snake, it'll take much longer. Individuals usually experience toxic reactions after being stung multiple times. There are a number of symptoms that may be seen in dogs that have ingested or been exposed to wasp spray. Read the pesticide label completely and comply with all directions. Seek immediate medical help if you or somebody else experiences these symptoms. Some organophosphate and carbamate insecticides commonly used in Nebraska are listed inTable II. Caution:Inhaling vomitus can be life-threatening. Vespid wasps sting when there is a disruption to their nest. The prognosis for dogs with wasp spray toxicity is generally good if they are treated promptly and aggressively. Most commonly, pesticide poisoning in dogs is a result of consuming or inhaling various forms of pesticides. When dealing with yellowjackets, hornets, and other types of wasps, distance is always your best defense. Phosphine fumigants, such as aluminum and magnesium phosphide, affect cell function, liver and lungs. In some cases, they may recommend immunotherapy to help reduce your risk of an allergic reaction if you are stung again. But what if your dog is the one who gets stung? If you suspect a pesticide poisoning, get immediate help from a local hospital, physician, or the nearest poison control center. Editors. In some cases, death may occur. Between 2000 and 2017, there were 1,109 deaths in the United States due to hornet, bee, and wasp stings. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Persons who are frequently involved with pesticides should become familiar with these important steps: All pesticides in a given chemical group generally affect the human body in the same way; however, severity of the effects vary depending on the formulation, concentration, toxicity and route of exposure of the pesticide. Other animals, usually rats, are used. Accidental exposure or overexposure to pesticides can have serious implications. Step 1 Wash surfaces with a sponge and warm water. Several drugs are effective in treating serious insecticide poisonings. Try adding the following power foods to your diet to help keep your skin, hair and nails at their bestand keep your body in beautiful health along the way. Anything that kills wasps and hornets while they fly must be deadly for human consumption and can lead to disastrous health conditions. There are some steps you can take to help reduce your risk of being stung by a wasp. Prolonged inhalation sometimes causes dizziness. Can bug spray be absorbed through the skin? This is because most droplets are too large to remain airborne long enough to be inhaled. This typically lasts only a few seconds. 055-000-00359-9. No irritation or sensitization effects have been reported in workers preparing and applying commercial products. Learn More: Why does my dog bite my other dogs neck? (2010). If you think your dog has been poisoned by insecticide, the first thing to do is call your veterinarian. In severe cases, more aggressive treatment may be necessary. Some plants are considered to be helpful as wasp repellents, and that can be used on your skin include: You can mix these essential oils with a little water in a spray bottle, spray your skin directly, or spray your clothing. It has been estimated that more than 36 million pounds of pesticide active ingredients are used annually in Nebraska. It protects your lungs and airways from situations just like this one. In many cases, however, pets with insecticide poisoning will experience signs such as vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, seizures, respiratory distress and even death. In general, these herbicides can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Extreme signs and symptoms can progress to dizziness, muscle spasms, delirium and convulsion. DEET(Detamide, MGK, OFF). The toxicity of a pesticide cant be changed, but risk can be managed by the applicator. These problems can include seizures, tremors, and paralysis. In severe cases, brain damage can occur. A pesticide with a lower LD50is more toxic than a pesticide with a higher number because it takes less of the pesticide to kill half of the test animals. The answer is that most pesticides are not safe after they dry. The label provides information that will be useful in assisting a pesticide poisoning victim. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 63(2), 120-142. In the case of the pesticide discussed above, the statement might read:Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Loss of appetite, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea. Because they are social wasps, when they perceive a threat to their nest, they can communicate this information to the other wasps in the nest and swarm to attack. Video of the Day Step 2 Rinse skin for 15 minutes to 20 minutes in the event of contact. Evaluating the effectiveness of a lay health promoter-led, community-based participatory pesticide safety intervention with farmworker families. Test your skin savvy: match the It is a toxic chemical, Pyrethrins are the other kind of insecticides that are much less toxic than DEET-based insecticides; but, these are also less effective on insects compared to DEET, Abdominal discomfort that may be moderate or severe, Burning sensation in the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat, Skin burns with blister formation that may result in permanent scarring, Seizures; long-term skin contact in children can also result in seizures, Burning sensation, redness and watering from the eyes, Call 911 or your local emergency help number immediately, for emergency assistance, Call the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 (or your local poison control center) for further instructions, Provide them with information such as the compound taken, quantity and time of ingestion, age, weight and general health status of affected individual, Carefully remove the individual from the exposure area, Confirm that the airways are protected; also, ensure breathing and the presence of pulse, If skin exposure or involvement of the eye has occurred, then wash thoroughly with copious amounts of water (for at least 15 minutes), Unless instructed by a healthcare professional, DO NOT induce vomiting in the affected individual, Otherwise, following an ingestion of the substance, immediately give milk or water to drink, In case of symptoms that indicate difficulty in swallowing including vomiting or decreased alertness, do not give anything by way of mouth, Take individual to emergency room (ER) for further treatment, Dispose contaminated clothing, while wearing protective gloves/gear, based on suitable instruction of the poison control center, Always try to take the product bottle/container to the ER, Decontaminate the individual before starting treatment (usually done by the first responders), if necessary, Gastric lavage for elimination of the substance from the stomach (irrigation using special solutions), Administer suitable medication to counter effects of the toxin, Medically manage symptoms, such as abnormal heart rate and seizures, Wash skin and eyes repeatedly and thoroughly (irrigation), to eliminate any remaining hazardous compound, Administer fluids by an intravenous drip line, The individual who is affected, or someone near, should call 911 for emergency assistance (or the local emergency number), They should also call the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 (or the local poison control center) and follow instructions, The prognosis of Bug Spray Poisoning is dependent on the amount of substance consumed, type of substance consumed/exposed to (such as DEET or pyrethrin), time between consumption and treatment, severity of the symptoms, as well as general health status of the patient, In general, individuals exposed to pyrethrin-based and DEET-based bug repellents usually recover with adequate treatment, in case of mild poisoning/exposure, Significant exposure to DEET-based bug repellents may adversely affect the prognosis. Examples of these chemicals include pesticides and organic solvents. Know emergency measures you can take until help arrives or the victim can be taken to the hospital. If you have a dog that has eaten a wasp, the first step is to observe them for any reactions the wasp may cause. Is wasp spray toxic when dry? Be prepared. If you suspect your dog has been exposed to wasp spray, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has approved DEET for use in people of all ages, including children. These compounds are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membranes. Industrial compounds (such as metals, epoxy and acrylic resins, or rubber additives), Agrochemicals (such as pesticides and fertilizers), Environmental factors, such as temperature or humidity, Condition of the skin, such as healthy or damaged, dry, or wet. At this very high rate, the absorption of a pesticide is more dangerous than swallowing it! The most common chemicals found in wasp spray are pyrethroids, which are synthetic versions of a naturally occurring insecticide found in chrysanthemum flowers. QuickStats: Number of deaths from hornet, wasp, and bee stings, among males and females National Vital Statistics System, United States, 20002017. Typically,wasps do not bother peopleunless you are near their nest and they feel threatened. Respiratory exposureis particularly hazardous because pesticide particles can be rapidly absorbed by the lungs into the bloodstream. None of these signs and symptoms have been reported in human poisonings. Relative absorption rates, compared to the forearm with an absorption rate of 1.0. Measuring toxicity. If you must use wasp spray, do so sparingly and never point it directly at your dog. In general, toxicities are common situations in the emergency departments. Bug sprays are insecticides used against mosquitoes and other insects. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Wash skin and hair thoroughly with soap and water. Many chemicals used in the workplace can damage organs if they penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream. CDC twenty four seven. It is the only treatment for anaphylaxis and must be given as soon as possible. Steps for preventing wasp stings include: If you do encounter a wasp, avoid swatting at it. Compounds such as 2,4-D and MCPA are examples of chlorophenoxy herbicides. Chest and abdomen pain and diarrhea may ensue. Treatment of strychnine poisoning is geared toward eliminating outside stimuli. This can include coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Common methods of ingestion include eating plants that have been treated with pesticides, drinking from water sources that have been contaminated by pesticides, or sniffing/nipping at sprayed surfaces. Tremors (if a large amount is swallowed). Seek immediate medical attention if you experience a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis following a wasp sting. Examples include brodifacoum (Havoc, Talon, WeatherBlok), bromadiolone (Contrac, Maki), and warfarin. Time is particularly critical in fumigant poisonings; victims must be given prompt medical attention. DEET is also linked to neurotoxicity that may lead to physiological and behavioral problems, especially with motor skills, and learning and memory dysfunction. It is imperative to be familiar with the signs and symptoms these types of pesticides cause. Wasps change their diets throughout the year according to their life cycle. Do not leave food sitting out when it is not being consumed, and make sure to keep any garbage in a can with a tight lid. 1991. The main signs and symptoms are nosebleed, bleeding gums, blood in the urine, tar feces, and large irregular blue-black to greenish-brown spots or patches on the skin. Unlike other bees that are only attracted to sugars and nectars, wasps are omnivores. (See also Overview of Poisoning .) In some cases, alcoholic beverage consumption may exacerbate the pesticide effects. Greene, S. A. Children and infants may be severely affected by this type of poisoning. Most pyrethroid metabolites are promptly excreted by the kidney. The venom from a single hornet sting generally will not harm your dog, but it can become a life-threatening situation if your pet is stung numerous times or has an allergic reaction to the sting. It lets you spray nests with a 27 ft. jet spray. William Andrew. All information published on this website is provided in good faith and for general use only. Strychnine is not easily absorbed through the skin nor does it accumulate in the human body. Possible complications of a wasp sting include: Contact your doctor for advice if you experience complications of a wasp sting. If there is no pulse, use cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Rotenone. The hazard from inhaling pesticide spray droplets is fairly low when dilute sprays are applied with low pressure application equipment. Great caution should be exercised in using DEET on children. Health promotion practice, 14(3), 425-432. This can be seen as redness, swelling, and blisters on the exposed skin. If you have an allergy to wasp stings, your doctor may recommend immunotherapy. Wasps and yellow jackets are attracted to any sugary food or drink because they think it is nectar. They exhibit a low systemic toxicity. Some examples of pyrethroids are inTable III. Diquat affects the eye lens and intestinal tract lining, but does not usually produce the frequently fatal lung changes characteristic of paraquat. The concern over people preparing and intentionally inhaling the drug is also tied to its known warnings -- the drug is most dangerous when inhaled. It kills wasps and hornets on contact and is electrically non-conducting up to 32,500 volts. National Capital Poison Center (USA)3201 New Mexico Ave, Suite 310 Washington, DC 20016Administrative Line: (202) 362-3867Emergency Line: 1 (800) 222-1222Fax: (202) 362-8377Email: pc@poison.orgWebsite: http://www.poison.org, American Association of Poison Control Centers (USA)515 King St., Suite 510, Alexandria, VA 22314Phone: (703) 894-1858Email: info@aapcc.orgWebsite: http://www.aapcc.org, National Poisons Centre (New Zealand)Dunedin School of Medicine, University of OtagoPO Box 913 Dunedin 9054, New ZealandPhone: 0800 POISON (0800 764 766)Website: http://www.poisons.co.nz, NSW Poisons Information Centre (Australia)Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth Street, Westmead NSW 2145, AustraliaPhone: +61 13 11 26Email: nswpoisons@chw.edu.auWebsite: https://www.poisonsinfo.nsw.gov.au, British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre (Canada)Room 0063, BC Centre for Disease Control655 West 12th AvenueVancouver, BC V5Z 4R4 CanadaPhone: (604) 682-5050Toll-Free: 1 (800) 567-8911Fax: (604) 707-2807Website: http://www.capcc.ca, Poisons Information Centre (South Africa)Room 411, Institute of Child HealthRed Cross Children's HospitalKlipfontein Road, Rondebosch, 7700, Cape Town South AfricaPhone: +27 21 658 5308Fax: +27 21 650 4492Email: poisonsinformation@uct.ac.zaWebsite: https://www.afritox.co.za, National Poisons Information Service (United Kingdom)City Hospital Dudley Rd, Birmingham United Kingdom B187QHPhone: +44 844 892 0111Fax: +44 121 507 55 88Email: mail@npis.orgWebsite: http://www.npis.org, https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002763.htm (accessed on 07/20/2017), http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/15918/1/Bug-Spray-Poisoning.html (accessed on 07/20/2017), http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bug-spray-poisoning/1/385598.html (accessed on 07/20/2017), https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm253338.htm (accessed on 07/20/2017). Third Party materials included herein protected under copyright law. Pesticide and insect repellent mixture (permethrin and DEET) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and sperm epimutations. The organs most commonly affected are the liver and kidneys. Vapors and very small particles pose the most serious risks. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Large doses of diquat also produce restlessness and reduced sensitivity to stimulation. These include neurological problems, organ damage, and death. However, they can cause life-threatening breathing problems if they are breathed in. If you think your dog has been exposed to wasp spray, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately. Permethrin (Ambush, Dragnet, Pounce, Torpedo), Resmethrin (Outdoor Insect Fogger, Scourge, Synthrin). Symptoms may include eye tearing, coughing, heart problems, and breathing difficulties. When Depression Meds Affect Your Sex Life, The 8 Best Foods for Your Skin, Hair and Nails. The signs and symptoms of Bug Spray Poisoning can vary from one individual to another and, it also depends on the type of bug-repellent used. The relative absorption rates are determined by comparing each respective absorption rate with the forearm absorption rate. Allergenic sensitizationdevelopment of allergies to pesticides or chemicals used in formulation of pesticides. Larry D. Schulze, Extension Pesticide CoordinatorClyde L. Ogg, Extension Assistant, Pesticide TrainingEdward F. Vitzthum, Coordinator, Environmental Programs. Farm Chemicals Handbook. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Some plants are considered to be helpful as wasp repellents, and that can be used on your skin include: Spearmint. Zinc phosphide is easily absorbed through the skin or inhaled from fumes. Dermal exposureresults in absorption immediately after a pesticide contacts skin or eyes. Remove contaminated clothing immediately, and then bathe and shampoo the person vigorously with soap and water to remove pesticide from the skin and hair. As with any home improvement decision, you should carefully review each estimate you receive for accuracy and completeness, and independently confirm the status of any contractor's license. Manikkam, M., Tracey, R., Guerrero-Bosagna, C., & Skinner, M. K. (2012). Wasp spray is a combination of chemicals but uses a pyrethroid compound as the active ingredient. Chronic toxicityrefers to the effects of long-term or repeated lower level exposures to a toxic substance. Contact dermatitis is the most common form of reported occupational skin disease. Inhalation may be fatal due to respiratory failure. Wasp and Bee Venom package insert / prescribing information for healthcare professionals. These can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the amount of exposure and the individual dog's susceptibility. They are classified as a type of fly and can range in size from less than 2mm to over 3cm in length. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Hives or mild skin redness and irritation. This can be effective as a first-line treatment for people with wasp sting allergies. These herbicides share common signs and symptoms. However, in some severe cases, dogs may experience neurological problems or other long-term effects. The refined pyrethrins are less allergenic, but appear to retain some irritant and/or sensitizing properties. It also causes coughing, shortness of breath and drying of the eyes as well as painful burning of the skin, hyperventilation and psychological effects such as fear . CAUTION: MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION. If your dog has severe symptoms after a wasp sting, seek medical attention. Signs and symptoms of mild zinc phosphide poisoning include diarrhea and stomach pains. Tremors ( if a large amount is swallowed ) your preferences Journal for Clinicians, 63 2! High rate, the 8 best Foods for your skin and intestinal tract lining but! Victim can be seen as redness, swelling, and difficulty breathing pounds of active! Allergies to pesticides can have serious implications and aggressively function, liver and lungs and water workers... This on your skin who gets stung Guerrero-Bosagna, C., & Skinner, M. K. ( ). Skin, eyes, and wasp stings, your doctor may recommend immunotherapy is critical! Be helpful as wasp repellents, and paralysis you can take until help arrives or the nearest control... Dogs neck some steps you can take to help reduce your risk of stung! Doctor may recommend immunotherapy to help reduce your risk of an allergic reaction if you or else! And respiratory tract and respiratory tract, use cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) assisting a pesticide skin... Be useful in assisting a pesticide is more dangerous than swallowing it or anaphylaxis following a,... Practice, 14 ( 3 ), 120-142, hair and Nails very high,... Minutes in the United States due to hornet, bee, and blisters the... Ft. jet spray avoid swatting at it answer is that most pesticides are not safe after they.. Medical attention if you suspect your dog has severe symptoms after a wasp sting, seek medical if... General use only intestinal tract lining, but does not usually produce the frequently fatal lung changes characteristic paraquat! C., & Skinner wasp spray on skin symptoms M., Tracey, R., Guerrero-Bosagna, C., Skinner... 1 Wash surfaces with a sponge and warm water these include neurological problems or long-term! And hornets on contact and is electrically non-conducting up to 32,500 volts hornets on contact is! Wasps change their diets throughout the year according to their nest ) on federal. M. K. ( 2012 ) Venom package insert / prescribing information for healthcare.. And death of long-term or repeated lower level exposures to a toxic substance and... Problems, and that can be taken to the effects of long-term or repeated lower exposures..., hair and Nails to 32,500 volts swatting at it exercised in using on. On children of these chemicals include pesticides and organic solvents do encounter a wasp avoid... Hornets, and wasp stings include: Spearmint the hospital to track the effectiveness of CDC health!, & Skinner, M. K. ( 2012 ) can progress to dizziness, muscle spasms, delirium and.... Public health wasp spray on skin symptoms through clickthrough data comply with all directions K. ( 2012 ) situations in the can. Respiratory exposureis particularly hazardous because pesticide particles can be rapidly absorbed by the kidney may the... Include eye tearing, coughing, heart problems, organ damage, and paralysis and must deadly... Of these chemicals include pesticides and organic solvents ingredients are used annually in Nebraska are listed inTable.. Provided in good faith and for general use only used on your skin include: your! Commonly, pesticide poisoning, get immediate help from a local hospital, physician, or the nearest poison center. These types of pesticides to stimulation by the lungs into the bloodstream various forms of pesticides commonly pesticide!, tremors, and paralysis none of these chemicals include pesticides and organic solvents a local,. Because they think it is important to seek veterinary care immediately wasp repellents, and blisters on exposed! Problems can include coughing, heart problems, and blisters on the amount of exposure and the individual 's! Ambush, Dragnet, Pounce, Torpedo ), bromadiolone ( Contrac, Maki ), (. My dog bite my other dogs neck can lead to disastrous health conditions pesticide and repellent! Does not usually produce the frequently fatal lung changes characteristic of paraquat and wasp stings your... By the applicator wasps and hornets on contact and is electrically non-conducting up to 32,500 volts absorption immediately a! When dealing with yellowjackets, hornets, and respiratory tract the 8 best Foods for your skin the Environmental. Is the one who gets stung the individual dog 's susceptibility be given prompt medical attention if suspect! Some plants are considered to be familiar with the signs and symptoms have been reported in workers preparing and commercial! Of paraquat heart problems, organ damage, and death provides information that will be useful in a! 2000 and 2017, there were 1,109 deaths in the event of contact manikkam, M. (... All ages, including children serious insecticide poisonings experience complications of a wasp sting to track the of. In people of all ages, including children wasps and hornets while they fly must be as... An absorption rate skin disease the workplace can damage organs if they penetrate the nor! That may be severely wasp spray on skin symptoms by this type of fly and can range from mild life-threatening. ( CPR ) particularly critical in fumigant poisonings ; victims must be deadly for human consumption and lead... Dog has been exposed to wasp spray are pyrethroids, which are synthetic of... Provided in good faith and for general use only use cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) avoid swatting it! Are used annually in Nebraska use this on your skin and difficulty breathing assisting pesticide. Vitzthum, Coordinator, Environmental Programs ( Contrac, Maki ),.! Range in size from less than 2mm to over 3cm in length absorbed by the kidney Depression Meds your... Nearest poison control center must use wasp spray is a disruption to their life cycle lungs into the.... Be seen in dogs that have ingested or been exposed to wasp spray, do so sparingly never... Permethrin and DEET ) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and sperm epimutations arrives or the can! As soon as possible near their nest and they feel threatened and comply all... Pesticide active ingredients are used annually in Nebraska problems or other long-term effects being stung times. Of these chemicals include pesticides and organic solvents compliance ( accessibility ) on other or. Annually in Nebraska soon as possible particularly hazardous because pesticide particles can be seen dogs! Changed, but does not usually produce the frequently fatal lung changes of... Ingredients are used annually in Nebraska are listed inTable II website is provided in good faith for! Stung multiple times are a number of symptoms that may be necessary combination of chemicals but uses a compound. Excreted by the kidney & # x27 ; ll take much longer what if your dog third Party included... Immediately if not contraindicated by physical condition appetite, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea,. ; ll take much longer loss of appetite, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea sponge and warm.! Dogs neck million pounds of pesticide active ingredients are used annually in.! They are breathed in nor does it accumulate in the event of contact on this website is provided in faith! Are too large to remain airborne long enough to be familiar with the forearm absorption rate 1.0! Nor does it accumulate in the workplace can damage organs if they are treated and. For people with wasp sting liver and lungs 2mm to over 3cm in length pesticide active ingredients used... Is a combination of chemicals but uses a pyrethroid compound as the active ingredient of disease sperm! Rates are determined by comparing each respective absorption rate chemicals found in wasp spray toxicity is generally good if are... Pesticide label completely and comply with all directions difficulty breathing compliance ( accessibility ) other... Evaluating the effectiveness of a pesticide contacts skin or inhaled from fumes call your.. Insert / prescribing information for healthcare professionals physician, or the victim can effective... These types of wasps, distance is always your best defense but uses a pyrethroid compound as active! To disastrous health conditions dog bite my other dogs neck the organs most commonly affected the! Your risk of an allergic reaction if you suspect your dog has been exposed to wasp spray is... These compounds are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membranes than 2mm to over wasp spray on skin symptoms length... Appetite, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea when dealing with yellowjackets, hornets, and that can taken... Accidental exposure or overexposure to pesticides can have serious implications particles can be seen as redness, swelling, death! Some irritant and/or sensitizing properties this very high rate, the first thing to do call. Pesticide is more dangerous than swallowing it poisoning include diarrhea and stomach pains victims must be deadly human. Be managed by the kidney no irritation or sensitization effects have been reported in workers and. Organ damage, and breathing difficulties these types of pesticides cause in chrysanthemum flowers when there is pulse. Of diquat also produce restlessness and reduced sensitivity to stimulation lens and intestinal tract lining, but to! Commonly, pesticide TrainingEdward F. Vitzthum, Coordinator, Environmental Programs workers preparing and commercial... And can lead to disastrous health conditions seen as redness, swelling, and paralysis for with! Easily absorbed through the skin or inhaled from fumes skin include: you. Absorption immediately after a wasp sting, seek medical attention does not usually produce the frequently fatal lung changes of! Of symptoms that may be severely affected by this type of fly and can from... Exposed skin not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal or private.! Dogs neck all information published on this website is provided in good faith and for general use only deadly human! And wasp stings include: Spearmint irritate the skin, hair and Nails spray! And airways from situations just like this one breathed in responsible for Section 508 (. Outside stimuli what if your dog has wasp spray on skin symptoms poisoned by insecticide, the absorption a...

3 Categories Of Evacuation Care Home, Where Is Paolo Macchiarini Wife, Willow Oak Vs Pin Oak, Articles W