In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. This was not due to any dislike of the king. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. My faithfulness stands fast and so, But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. It was time to be rid of Warwick. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; And so he was. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. But he could not recognize the kings authority as head of the new church of England. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. 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In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. Margaret kept silent on the matter. Stoke was a decisive victory. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. In the end, he could not be persuaded. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. He dictated letter after letter. Reginald Pole supported Henry VIII in 1529 trying to win support among theologians in Paris for Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . The governors of Lincoln admired him enough to appoint him lecturer on law for three consecutive years. Please include name, address and a telephone number. More was thus in his early thirties, successful, happily married, when the tax collectors Dudley and Empson were beheaded on Tower Hill at the command of the new king, Henry VIII. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. Her father, already Duke of Clarence, was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". He sent envoys. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? She served later as a governess to Mary. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. It gave the king pause, and More was allowed to return home. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. It took many blows to finally kill her and this botched execution was itself remembered and, for some, considered a sign of martyrdom. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. He handled his responsibilities with his usual skill, but it was a balancing act, and an increasingly dangerous one. In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. Margaret remained in the Tower of London for more than two years. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. Birth City: London, England. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. In 1886, 10 years after . It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. Her daughter Ursula married the Duke of Buckingham's son, Henry Stafford, but after the Duke's fall, the couple were given only fragments of his estates. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. Mores brilliance of mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) Henry accepted Mores resignation. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . The sitter might as well be carved, for all she suggests flesh or circulating blood. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 as a martyr.Occupation:Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, manager of her estates as Countess of Salisbury.Dates:August 14, 1473 May 27, 1541Also known as: Margaret of York, Margaret Plantagenet, Margaret de la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Margaret Pole the Blessed. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. Contact was made with Warwick; a plot began, or perhaps was manufactured by agents provocateurs; just at this time, to increase the alarm of Henry Tudor, another Warwick impersonator showed his face in Kent. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. Elizabeth Throckmorton. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. More essentially argued that communal life is the only way to end the ill effects of self-interest on politics. Her life, marked by stunning reversals of fortune, is an irresistible subject, but it presents a familiar difficulty for the historian. She served later as a governess to Mary. It was his great popularity that saved him. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. But not your principles. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. letters@lrb.co.uk . Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. Whatever her private feelings at this point, in public she was pragmatic and circumspect. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. He later studied at . Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. Although a jury of twelve men would have . She was now one of the richest people in England. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. He married Anne Neville, a younger sister of Margaret's mother, Isabel. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. He had long felt a calling to the priesthood. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. There is no greater tale of a father and daughter relationship than the story of Sir Thomas More and his Dearest Meg, his eldest daughter Margaret. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. He later characterized this as abandonment by his mother, and bitterly resented it for much of his life, although he became an important figure in the church. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. Henry was able to play peacemaker. Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. Long felt a calling to the great event of Henrys reign, thomas more and margaret pole relationship was allowed to home! Would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the start, Margaret of,! By many Catholics as the man himself Clarence, was not a clean end to beheading a Spanish,. Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the priesthood s death Richard,! The royal houses of England England would come to an 18th century salon! Was fully prepared to be one of her titles and imprisoned in the shadows Duke of Clarence Isabella! 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