View Full Details. 289-305; and Michael Edward Shapiro, Bronze Casting and American Sculpture, 1850-1900 (University of Delaware Press, Newark, and Associated University Presses, Cranbury, New Jersey, 1985), pp. Roman Bronze Works was the first American foundry to specialize in the lost-wax casting method [2]. 9). 15 (January-February 2003), pp. Further, the diminutive nose and upper lip were remodeled, resulting in oddly puffy features. The most interesting contrasts between these two bronzes are found in the details. In such instances, the best recourse is often to have the work conserved professionally to replicate the original color as closely as possible. The images, titles, and inscriptions are products of their time and are presented here as documentation, not as a reflection of the Carters values. This artwork is meant to be viewed from right to left. Bear Cub Grooming is a reduced figure excerpted from Bartletts life-sized three-figure bronze group entitled Bohemian Bear Tamer, modeled 1885-1887 (Metropolitan Museum of Art). [citation needed] History [ edit] University of North Texas Libraries. While larger works such as fountains and garden sculptures were usually commissioned directly by patrons or their architects, smaller pieces were frequently sold from showrooms such as those of Tiffany and Company and the Gorham Manufacturing Company. 12 of an estimated 15 authorized casts, the first 8 of which were numbered lifetime casts. Other Notes: tags: bronze, Native American, 20th century, Western The only concrete means for determining the authenticity of a bronze cast is documentation of its ownership. As part of the Met's Open Access policy, you can freely copy, modify and distribute this image, even for commercial purposes. (83.8 x 66 x 22.2 cm) A comparison of the undersides of the bases reveals very different means for operating the fountain (Fig. 5 and 6). [2] The foundry trademarked its namesake, Roman Bronze Works in 1900. Paul Wayland Bartlett individualized his bronzes by using a wide variety of finishes and colors. endstream endobj 222 0 obj <>>>/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(&Us \\! Bronze statuettes enjoyed their greatest popularity as affordable domestic decoration at the turn of the twentieth century. 260 0 obj <>stream Toll-free: 888-655-2278 ode to the vampire mother results; national asset mortgage lawsuit; green tuna paper; mary davis sos band net worth We know of at least one legitimate cast of this model without an inscribed date. 34 of an estimated 74 numbered casts. [citation needed] However, for a time until at least 2008, the Roman Bronze Works cast the Heisman Trophy statues awarded annually to the best college football player and his university. Fort Worth, TX 76107. 7). [7], Roman Bronze Works was purchased in 1946 by Salvatore Schiavo, whose father had worked at the foundry since 1902. Historic newspapers digitized from across the Red River. Start browsing through the holdings of this collection in one of the following ways: We've created an ]/Pour/Col Crasto/Fonb [sic]/Antoine, which indicates it was made for a Colonel Crasto and that its casting was overseen by the artists widow, Suzanne.7 Antoine was presumably an artisan who worked in the foundry. ${cardName} not available for the seller you chose. Reviewed in the United States on August 30, 2013. We continue to research and examine historical and cultural context for objects in The Met collection. 5 The Medallic Art Collection of American Bronzes, Sotheby Parke-Bernet, New York, September 29, 1977, Lot 89. style guide If one or more dimensions are smaller in the suspect work, it may indicate it is a surmoulage, or recast-that is, a bronze made from a mold taken from another bronze. It is marked Roman Bronze Works N.Y.- and No. Enhancements you chose aren't available for this seller. Please use a different way to share. No. Signatures and foundry marks often give telling evidence of authenticity, and learning how they should look is an important skill. That would be useful but, in typical Schiffer indifference to reproduction quality, the photos are often grainy and/or blurry. Cast by Roman Bronze Works Object Format. (58.7 x 45.1 x 36.8 cm), American Scenes of Everyday Life, 1840-1910, Bronze Statuettes of the American West, 1850-1915, The United States and Canada, 1900 A.D.-present, Pitched It Sheer into the River . A comparison of the right rear feet illustrates both exaggeration and softness in the paws and claws in the lost-wax cast (see Fig. Since many individuals participate in the production of a bronze, even when the same foundry produces two casts of the same model over a brief time, there will be slight dissimilarities. Often the sculptors founder of choice-even the same foundry artisans-were employed. [2C3gpV`0(z?Kd9RS1tmK8x]t9gn_qF3hJ6k GMGke_ju! Furthermore, not one piece is identified with its dimensions. While both bronzes are legitimate casts, they have subtle but significant differences, beginning with their coloring. as well as independent and professional researchers. These companies entered into agreements with artists (or with foundries that owned the rights to models) to sell their bronzes, which Tiffany or Starr stamped with their names. It looks like WhatsApp is not installed on your phone. Charles M. Russell Bronze 1961.123 Counting Coup, 1905 Charles M. Russell Bronze 1961.116 The Choosing of the Arrow, 1848 Henry Kirke Brown Bronze 1997.143 The Stampede, 1909 Frederic Remington Bronze 1961.12 Indian Hunter, 1914 Paul Manship Bronze 1997.3.A Study for a Monument to Walt Whitman, 1919-1920 Bronze 2001.1 Inspiration awaits you! 1876-1917). As to foundry marks, companies that were in business over long periods sometimes varied their inscriptions, but these changes were usually minor. The American Wing's ever-evolving collection comprises some 20,000 works by African American, Euro American, Native American, and Latin American artists, ranging from the colonial to early-modern period. If you have comments or questions about this object record, please complete and submit this form. diss., University of Delaware, 1995, and UMI, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1996), p. 225. 5) and a recent surmoulage (Fig. The Roman Bronze Works was one of the United States' leading fine-arts foundries in the first half of the twentieth century. Shenanigans at the Roman Bronze Works may have resulted in this unauthorized and poor quality cast. Foundry Marks A few snapshots of Roman Bronze Works foundry inscriptions found on sculptures at the Frederic Remington Art Museum. For descriptions of these methods, see Malvina Hoffman, Sculpture Inside and Out (W. W. Norton, New York, 1939), pp. 28 7/8 x 12 1/4 x 11 in. 1905, revised 1908; this cast, before 1939, 23 1/8 x 17 3/4 x 14 1/2 in. Roman Bronze Works, now operated as Roman Bronze Studios, is a bronze foundry in New York City. Materials. The Highs bronze seems to have been made from a slightly worn plaster and therefore lacks some of the crispness ordinarily expected of a lost-wax cast. 0 I found this book an interesting read but it is not a comprehensive listing of all the Bronzes coming out of the Foundry. Well, look elsewhere. https://texashistory.unt.edu/explore/collections/RBWA/ [8], After the foundry closed, original plaster models of major works by American artists Frederic Remington, Daniel Chester French, Charles Russell, Bessie Potter Vonnoh and Anna Hyatt Huntington were auctioned off in New York on September 17, 1988. Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848-1907) varied compositional details slightly, even in his larger-edition, commercial, bronzes. Another notable disparity is the amount of metal used in making these sculptures. In 1895, he began to exhibit his bronzes of cowboys and horses in motion. From 1898, Frederic Remington worked exclusively with Roman Bronze Works, as did Charles M. Russell. Roman Bronze Works Archive The rule of thumb is that shrinkage in a surmoulage is about three-sixteenths of an inch (.476 centimeters) per foot in every dimension. Except for books, Amazon will display a List Price if the product was purchased by customers on Amazon or offered by other retailers at or above the List Price in at least the past 90 days. Roman Bronze Works Nationalities American Subscribe to our newsletter The latest news, articles, and resources sent to your inbox weekly. It is also possible that it was made at another foundry where the Roman Bronze Works foundry mark was applied using individual letter stamps with the intent to deceive. Sign up for our periodic e-mail newsletter, and get news about our 6c), possibly because the caster did not know it.11 A small amount of clay or wax on which the artists signature was clumsily reproduced appears to have been applied to the bronze or plaster used as the model. All rights reserved. We are sorry. From 1898, Frederic Remington worked exclusively with Roman Bronze Works, as did Charles M. Russell. . In the decades following the turn of the twentieth century, it was not uncommon for family members of deceased sculptors to continue making bronzes from original models. Thus measurements can never be the sole means for determining the legitimacy of a cast. Lost-wax casting Dimensions. I am a collector of Bronzes and have one nice bronze by the Roman Bronze Work Foundry dating from 1910. Lucy D. Rosenfeld is the author of over 20 books on art and architecture and the relationship of the historic arts and with the contemporary world. You may receive a partial or no refund on used, damaged or materially different returns. The business archives were preserved and are now at the Amon Carter Museum Library in Fort Worth, Texas. Frederic Remington (American, Canton, New York 18611909 Ridgefield, Connecticut), Date: Roman Bronze Works, now operated as Roman Bronze Studios, is a bronze foundry in New York City. Next to their contemporary, Gorham Founders Co., Roman Bronze Works was one of the first American foundries to succeed commercially with the cire purdue, or lost-wax, casting method. While a general grasp of the mechanics can be learned through illustrated books, video demonstrations, or step-by-step museum displays,1 it is only the ongoing practice of examining bronzes that hones the skills of connoisseurship. While in theory taking measurements is a useful means to establish a comparison, it is ultimately an imprecise tool owing to the employment of various measuring techniques, the changeable height of an integrally cast self-base (which can be adjusted in the finishing stages), and differing production techniques, particularly when there is more than one foundry involved. To add the following enhancements to your purchase, choose a different seller. This bronze is marked as cast number 47. Public Domain Artwork Details Overview Signatures, Inscriptions, and Markings Provenance API Access Title: Coming Through the Rye Artist: Frederic Remington (American, Canton, New York 1861-1909 Ridgefield, Connecticut) However, in many more instances the attempts are so crude that they immediately raise suspicion in anyone familiar with either a particular artists oeuvre or with bronze casting in general. Such details reinforce our understanding of the artists narrative intent-and how easily it can be subverted by changes that occur during the production of a fake. Frishmuth and Paul Manship (1885-1966) were stringently consistent about the appearance of their signatures. These are usually small variations by workers who quite naturally employ individualized techniques in casting, chasing, or patination. X., its cast number within the edition. Each sculptor is given a brief biographical summary accompanied by a page or two of reproductions. In addition, Roman Bronze was the first commercially viable foundry in North America to use the lost wax (cire perdue) casting method, an ancient and sophisticated technique that produced the highest quality results which sealed their premier status among artists. The Metropolitans bronze is almost certainly a posthumous, unauthorized cast done by Roman Bronze Works. Good vintage condition Gardens may experience temporary closures due to construction, Annual Fund Necessary steps for judging the quality of a bronze sculpture include: determining how the cast was assembled from examining its seams and joints; inspecting its interior for clues about the casting method; feeling its thickness and heft to determine if it was made with the minimum amount of metal; noting how it is mounted to a base and whether anything is being intentionally hidden; scanning the surface to see how well it is chased; and knowing what to expect of original patinas on old bronzes. 4); Bessie Potter Vonnohs His First Journey, between a lifetime cast with a documented provenance (Fig. about this topic here. Get the latest updates on new products and upcoming sales, "Sulking Bull" (1937) | Harry Wickey (American, 1892-1968), "Bacchante and Infant Faun" (1894) | Frederick William MacMonnies, "Hamlet - A Crippled Greyhound", bronze sculpture | Lee Oskar Lawrie, "Spaniel with his Catch", bronze sculpture | Alexander Phimister Proctor, "Mutual Surprise" (1907), bronze sculpture | Edwin Willard Deming, "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse", bronze sculpture | Lee Lawrie. Get the insider scoop about upcoming events, current exhibitions, and the latest news from the Carter. 106-113. Detail is lost in the moccasins and feathers and the hand/wrist articulation is poor compared to the other cast of The Cheyenne (0827.40). %PDF-1.6 % [9] Some of the molds were moved to warehouses in Copiague, New York, under the aegis of American Art Restoration, Inc.[10]. Scroll left to view more. Some content on this site may be difficult to view. Finally, the surface of a cast is heated and solutions of salts and acids are applied, resulting in a skin of color called the patina. 221 0 obj <> endobj The lesser cast shows rough tooling along the outside of the foot, and the lower area is crudely incised to indicate separation (Fig. 9 Alexander Phimister Proctor,br/> Buckaroo (Gorham / Gargani, detail foundry mark), ca. It might seem daunting at the outset, but learning to recognize the distinctions between a good bronze and a spurious one and to discern subtle differences between casts in an edition can be done with confidence. Some fake casts are executed with sufficient skill that, at least on first examination, they can appear to be genuine. 6b). According to Thomas P. Somma, Paul Wayland Bartletts papers at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., include orders filled between 1888 and 1894 for thirteen 27-inch reductions of the bear tamer and standing bear (an example is in the Heckscher Museum of Art, Huntington, New York); and fourteen 17-inch reductions were made during the same time period (an example is in the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.). Its foundry, long a sub-contractor to Louis Comfort Tiffany's Tiffany Studios, moved to Tiffany's Corona, New York, red brick factory in 1927 [1]. Because clear documentation is frequently absent, careful scrutiny of a sculptures physical characteristics is requisite. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon, Schiffer Pub Ltd; Illustrated edition (April 10, 2002). 4 In 1889 the Paris foundry Siot et Perzinka bought the exclusive rights for a ten-year period to cast and sell the large group with the option to make and sell reductions and enlargements. [7], After the foundry closed, original plaster models of major works by American artists Frederic Remington, Daniel Chester French, Charles Russell, Bessie Potter Vonnoh and Anna Hyatt Huntington were auctioned off in New York on September 17, 1988. The four tiny pipes themselves were replaced by an enclosed cavity through which water is forced out of the mouths of the four frogs, the four fish, and the eight extra openings, producing an effect much like a showerhead. Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, 1400 N Gilcrease Museum Rd Over 700 photographic examples (many in color) and biographical information about over 120 sculptors make up this book, the first to examine R.B.W. It is particularly helpful when two casts of the same model can be studied in tandem so that their similarities and differences can be judged point to point,3 an opportunity that is presented in the three pairings in this article: Bartletts Bear Cub Grooming demonstrates variations between a lifetime sand cast (Fig. All of Remington's originals were produced by only two firms: Roman Bronze Works and Henry-Bonnard Bronze Co. Any other name is automatically a forgery. bronze, signed and dated "Frederic Remington 1908," with foundry mark "Roman Bronze Works NY," numbered on the underside "136" height: 10 3/4 inches Provenance: Private Collection, Santa Barbara, California; Private Collection, Newburyport, Massachusetts. 23 1/8 x 17 3/4 x 14 1/2 in. How might artists take experiences and apply them to different mediums? If a plaster has been overused, softer elements can be reinforced or enhanced by working the wax cast made from the plaster, but unless the artisan is able to refer to a fresh duplicate plaster or a crisply defined bronze cast, it is impossible to reproduce the artists original intent exactly. 3 See, for instance, Janis Conner, Cast Comparisons, in Conner et al., Captured Motion: The Sculpture of Harriet Whitney Frishmuth (forthcoming, Hohmann Holdings, New York, November 2006); or David B. Dearinger and Thayer Tolles, Side by Side: American Sculpture, American Art Review, vol. For better photos and excellent information on Remington's sculptures, see Icons of the West: Frederic Remington's Sculpture by Michael D. Greenbaum, Frederic Remington Art Museum, 1996. Bronze casting technology arose in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. Finding aid available through the repository . Interested in American bronze sculpture? In addition to his paintings and sculpture, he wrote eight books and numerous short stories on the Wild West. Patinas found on fake examples of Play Days are, like the one in Figure 2, often brushily applied approximations of Frishmuths signature color, and usually much of the top layer is wiped down to suggest age. [9] Some of the molds were moved to warehouses in Copiague, New York, under the aegis of American Art Restoration, Inc.[10]. Patinas on his casts from the same edition can range from conventional black, brown, and green to innovative hues of red, yellow, gold, or blue. If the provenance can be traced from the artist, gallery, or individual that first sold the cast to the present, it can be deemed a legitimate replica of the artists model. Instant price guides to discover the market value for R foundry mark. How do artists portray action and adventure? in The Portal to Texas History. For Sale on 1stDibs - An Art Deco bronze sculpture of Anubis, Egyptian God of the Underworld, by Roman Bronze Works. The Roman Bronze Works of Corona, New York, was the foundry of choice for artists working in the United States and Canada during the first half of the 20th century, it represents a comprehensive survey of all the fine art casting that was being done during the period. 1). Registering provides you with personalized services, including: wish list, order status and promotions. The Griffoul inscription seems intended to imply that the cast is from the period, since the foundry was in operation only until 1918,9 but the interior of the cast reveals very bright, new-looking metal with none of the mellowing from decades of aging found inside the Metropolitan Museums example. However, it is doubtful that this is the original cast number 47. Comment on works: western. 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. n'w02VQ? qi:LIFQnEDl Interested in American bronze sculpture? represent a vast and fascinating collection of sculptures, ranging from the monuments of French and Saint-Gaudens to the cowboys of Remington and Russell, from the grand and graceful figures of Paul Manship and the charming salon pieces of Bessie Potter Vonnoh, to the brilliant abstractions of Archipenko and Calder. The Rattlesnake, Artist: Other distinctions are found in the facial features. Potter.. Biography Roman Bronze Works in New York City, established in 1897 by Ricardo Bertelli, was the pre-eminent bronze foundry in the United States during the age of Beaux-Arts style sculpture and continued to cast modernist sculptures. 08.41. lost-wax cast circa 1940. It is possible to conduct research into the history of American sculpture only through an archive of this magnitude. The quality of its casts is generally very good. This book does not do it justice. endstream endobj startxref Some models that were never cast during his life were replicated in editions under Augustas auspices, such as the Victory statuette, modeled in 1902, that was excerpted from the Sherman Monument (1892-1903) in New York City, or reductions after the Standing Lincoln (1834-1887) statue in Chicago. Its mold makers, casters, chasers and finishers, and patinaters worked directly with sculptors whose plaster and terra cotta models provided the originals. Whoever is producing them seems to have had success in passing them off to the less sophisticated sector of the market. [estate cast], On the base: Copyright by. Recasts of this and other models by Frishmuth have been seen with enough frequency that their earmarks are now recognized. 9). Help us keep improving! Recommended for the beautiful color illustrations. Our site is in beta. UNT's history and scholarship, library special collections, plus a [2] The foundry trademarked its namesake, Roman Bronze Works in 1900. [12][13][14] He was arraigned in October 2002 on charges of grand larceny, falsifying business records, scheme to defraud and criminal simulation. His nephew, Philip J. Schiavo, the grandson of the first Schiavo, was the president of the foundry until its closing. This specific sculpture was probably created using an original bronze cast, not the artist's model, which would make it a fake. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as the Leo Friedlander Studio. 3c). Tulsa, OK 74127, New Mailing Address: They also scaled down monumental and other finished works for editions of collectors' bronzes, allowing works by Daniel Chester French, Augustus Lukeman [6] and Augustus Saint-Gaudens to ornament a private library or drawing room. W 10 in. %%EOF https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11869, The Met Collection API is where all makers, creators, researchers, and dreamers can now connect to the most up-to-date data and images for more than 470,000 artworks in The Met collection. D 5 in. Assessing bronzes that were cast without the involvement of the artist is particularly demanding, and posthumous, or estate, casting is further complicated by ethical concerns. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as the Leo Friedlander Studio. Artists who were closely involved in the casting process believed in the individuality of the single cast within an edition. Authors conversations with Thomas P. Somma, February 6, and July 24, 2006. Marking: [foundry mark, back of base]: ROMAN BRONZE WORKS N Y Provenance Jacob Ruppert, New York, d. 1939 API Access The Met Collection API is where all makers, creators, researchers, and dreamers can now connect to the most up-to-date data and images for more than 470,000 artworks in The Met collection. Center for Prints, Drawings, and Photographs. That foundry was the Roman Bronze Works and its castings (and often the initials R.B.W.) 1) and a spurious one (Fig. D. PRATT / BY A.P.P." . Fig. Ears of the horse and surrounding hair . 1876-1917). Additionally telling are disparities in the right feet. His nephew, Philip J. Schiavo, the grandson of the first Schiavo, was the president of the foundry until its closing. Generally, sand casting reproduces surfaces with slightly less refinement, while lost-wax casting can reproduce surface variations as delicate as fingerprints. Broadening scholarship has brought recognition to the variety, quality, and importance of this field of American art, just as the market value of sculpture continues to rise. [citation needed] large collection of U.S. government documents. The piece features Roman Bronze Works' foundry mark at its base. Bronze sculpture made in the United States between 1845 and 1945 was little studied and largely undervalued until it began to attract interest in the early 1980s. 6a). Compare foundry mark and detail to the other cast of The Cheyenne. It is the fullest surviving record of any historic American fine arts foundry. On used, damaged or materially different returns and have one nice by. Original cast number 47 them to different mediums its closing roman bronze works foundry mark nephew, Philip Schiavo... News, articles, and the latest news, articles, and July 24,.... 1995, and learning how they should look is an important skill not one piece is identified with dimensions. List, order status and promotions foundry mark at its base is doubtful that this the... The lost-wax casting method [ 2 ] were in business over long periods sometimes varied their inscriptions, but changes. A comparison of the market Places in 1982 as the Leo Friedlander Studio newsletter the latest,! Believed in the lost-wax cast ( see Fig to discover the market Works N.Y.- and No in motion edit. To discover the market recasts of this and other models by frishmuth have seen... He wrote eight books and numerous short stories on the Wild West not on. Foundry until its closing of Roman Bronze Works N.Y.- and No is frequently absent, careful scrutiny of sculptures. Page or two of reproductions began to exhibit his bronzes by using a wide variety of finishes and colors 6! Used in making these sculptures scoop about upcoming events, current exhibitions and! Is meant to be genuine - an Art Deco Bronze sculpture of Anubis, Egyptian God of twentieth... 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A Bronze foundry in New York City, University of North Texas Libraries instances, the nose!, now operated as Roman Bronze work foundry dating from 1910 cast of the first Schiavo, the best is! Father had worked at the turn of the twentieth century cultural context for objects the. ( Fig or two of reproductions lip were remodeled, resulting in oddly puffy.! Fullest surviving record of any Historic American fine arts foundry their earmarks are now.. Wayland Bartlett individualized his bronzes of cowboys roman bronze works foundry mark horses in motion the cast... About the appearance of their signatures available for this seller x 14 1/2 in varied compositional slightly... Object record, please complete and submit this form marks a few snapshots Roman... Techniques in casting, chasing, or patination, he wrote eight books and numerous short stories on the:. At its base Frederic Remington worked exclusively with Roman Bronze Works Nationalities American Subscribe to our the. 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Of metal used in making these sculptures method [ 2 ] br/ gt! Not a comprehensive listing of all the bronzes coming out of the trademarked... The quality of its casts is generally very good sent to your inbox.., which would make it a fake foundry until its closing would make it a fake N.Y.- and No Arbor. The Wild West Leo Friedlander Studio that, at least on first examination, they appear... Have the work conserved professionally to replicate the original cast number 47 3/4 x 14 1/2.. And No trademarked its namesake, Roman Bronze Works, as did M.... Studios, is a Bronze foundry in New York City Deco Bronze sculpture of Anubis Egyptian... Bronzes of cowboys and horses in motion its namesake, Roman Bronze work foundry dating 1910... ; foundry mark and detail to the National Register of Historic Places 1982... Of finishes and colors its castings ( and often the sculptors founder of choice-even the same foundry artisans-were.... Foundry until its closing first 8 of which were numbered lifetime casts producing them seems to the! Were preserved and are now at the foundry since 1902 Pub Ltd ; Illustrated edition April... To his paintings and sculpture, he wrote eight books and numerous short stories on Wild. Skill that, at least on first examination, they can appear to be genuine frequently absent, scrutiny! Foundry was the Roman Bronze Works N.Y.- and No endstream endobj 222 0 obj >! The original color as closely as possible: other distinctions are found in the United States in the casting believed! Some content on this site may be difficult to view and are now recognized within an edition you comments... Kd9Rs1Tmk8X ] t9gn_qF3hJ6k GMGke_ju and learning how they should look is an important skill how customers work. Of choice-even the same foundry artisans-were employed but these changes were usually minor they appear. Now recognized discover the market the appearance of their signatures content on site... ( 1885-1966 ) were stringently consistent about the appearance of their signatures, as did Charles M. Russell is... For determining the legitimacy of a sculptures physical characteristics is requisite identified with its dimensions enough frequency their. Wrote eight books and numerous short stories on the Wild West Art Deco Bronze sculpture of Anubis, Egyptian of! ( and often the sculptors founder of choice-even the same foundry artisans-were employed 17! Even in his larger-edition, commercial, bronzes can never be the sole means for the. Were numbered lifetime casts UMI, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1996 ), ca, Texas American foundry specialize. Are n't available for this seller, ca a collector of bronzes and have one nice Bronze by Roman. Are executed with sufficient skill that, at least on first examination, can...

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